The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is the rate at which red blood cells settle. It is common lab test and it is a test that indicates a level of inflammation.  The higher the value the higher the inflammation.  The ESR is increased in inflammatory states such as autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, infections, some kidney diseases or some cancers like lymphoma or multiple myeloma.  If someone is elderly and has severe headaches with a high ESR they may have a condition called giant cell artheritis and they should see a physician for diagnostic tests and treatment.

A specific lab value is often not as useful as the trend in the values. For example, if healthy lifestyle changes are made, it might be useful to have objective tracking of the ESR value.